en گروه سرامیک Ceramic Materials and Engineering Research Paper Research Paper <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">The present work, set out with the aim of studying the effect of in-situ precipitation of TiO₂ form </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Ti₃C₂T_x </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">MXene phase</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> on the </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">electromagnetic (EM) behavior of Ti</span></span></span>_{<span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">3</span></span></span>}<span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">C</span></span></span>_{<span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">2</span></span></span>}<span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">/TiO₂ </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">composites. </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">In this regard, </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Ti₃C₂T_x </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">MXene </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">phase was synthesized using <span style="background:white"><span style="color:black">HF a</span></span>cidic etching of <span style="background:white"><span style="color:black">Ti₃AlC₂MAX phase and the in-situ precipitation of </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">TiO₂ </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">phase within Ti</span></span></span>_{<span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">3</span></span></span>}<span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">C</span></span></span>_{<span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">2</span></span></span>}<span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> sheets was followed by controlled annealing </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">in temperature range of 500-800 <i>^oC</i> for 2 <i>h</i></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">. </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">The phase and structural characteristics of prepared composites were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and differential thermal analysis. The electromagnetic behavior of samples was also analyzed using vector network analyzer (VNA). The results showed that by performing the controlled annealing process of </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Ti₃C₂T_x </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">MXene </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">phase</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">, it is possible to in-situ formation of TiO₂ phase and form the Ti₃C₂/TiO₂ composites. </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">The electromagnetic behavior of Ti₃C₂/TiO₂ composites is in direct relation with the percentage of TiO₂ phase deposited within Ti</span></span></span>_{<span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">3</span></span></span>}<span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">C</span></span></span>_{<span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">2</span></span></span>}<span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> sheets </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">during annealing process. The reflection loss (<i>RL</i>) changed from -7.98 to -21.28 </span></span></span><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">dB</span></span></span></span></i><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> (within frequency range of 1-18 </span></span></span><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">GHz</span></span></span></span></i><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">) with increasing in annealing temperature from 500 to 800 </span></span></span><i>^{<span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">o</span></span></span></span></span>}</i><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">C</span></span></span></span></span></i><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> as well as increasing the size and percentage of formed TiO₂ particles. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp; MAX,MXene,In-situ,composite,Electromagnetic 14 23 http://ijmse.iust.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1216-9&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Khashayar Zamani zamani2202@gmail.com 1800319475328460021753 1800319475328460021753 No Department of Materials Engineering, Malek-Ashtar University of Technology (MUT), Iran Majid Tavoosi ma.tavoosi@gmail.com 1800319475328460021754 1800319475328460021754 Yes Department of Materials Engineering, Malek-Ashtar University of Technology (MUT), Iran Ali Ghasemi ali13922001@yahoo.com 1800319475328460021755 1800319475328460021755 No Department of Materials Engineering, Malek-Ashtar University of Technology (MUT), Iran