en Research Paper Research Paper <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><i><span style="font-size:10.0pt">Two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) is used as a promising flame retardant and smoke suppressant nano additive in polymer composites due to its high thermal stability and layered structure. In this study, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) was melt-blended with MoS2 (1wt. %) and a halogen-free intumescent flame retardant (IFR) system. The IFR system consisted of ammonium polyphosphate (APP), Melamine polyphosphate (MPP), and pentaerythritol (PER), with a total amount of 25 wt. %. The TPU/IFR/MoS2 composite exhibited outstanding flame-retardant properties, achieving a </span></i><i><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="color:#231f20">UL-94 V-0 rating and a limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 34%. </span></span></i><i><span style="font-size:10.0pt">Reaction-to-fire performance of the TPU/IFR/MoS2 composite was evaluated by cone calorimeter test (CCT). The CCT results indicated high flame-retardant efficiency and considerable smoke suppression performance, along with a </span></i><i><span style="font-size:10.0pt">significant decrease in the peak heat release rate (PHRR: 65.9%), peak smoke production rate (PSPR: 65.6%), and peak CO production (PCOP: 60.7%) compared to the neat TPU. <span style="color:#231f20">The significant improvement in fire performance of TPU composite was mainly attributed to the effects of the physical barrier of MoS2 and catalytic carbonization of the IFR system. These resulted in forming an intumescent compact carbonized layer during the combustion, effectively restricting dripping.</span> The continuous structure of the residual char was </span></i><i><span style="font-size:10.0pt">revealed by FESEM</span></i><i><span style="font-size:10.0pt">. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated </span></i><i><span style="font-size:10.0pt">improved thermal behavior of the TPU composite in high temperatures. This work provides an effective method to improve the reaction to fire of TPU composites by incorporating traditional IFRs and MoS2, resulting in enhanced fire safety. </span></i></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">&nbsp;</span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp; Reaction to fire-,Intumescent flame retardant,MoS2,Thermoplastic polyurethane,Heat release rate 1 8 http://ijmse.iust.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-727-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Leila Taghi-Akbari taghiakbari_l@chem.iust.ac.ir 1800319475328460018153 1800319475328460018153 No Research Laboratory of Green Organic Synthesis and Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, 16846‑13114, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Reza Naimi-Jamal naimi@iust.ac.ir 1800319475328460018154 1800319475328460018154 Yes Research Laboratory of Green Organic Synthesis and Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, 16846‑13114, Tehran, Iran Shervin Ahmadi sh.ahmadi@ippi.ac.ir 1800319475328460018155 1800319475328460018155 No Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), 14965-115, Tehran, Iran